Also He spoke this parable to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and despised others: “Two men went up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, ‘God, I thank You that I am not like other men—extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this tax collector. I fast twice a week; I give tithes of all that I possess.’ And the tax collector, standing afar off, would not so much as raise his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, ‘God, be merciful to me a sinner!’ I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other; for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted.”- Luke 18: 9-14, NKJV
First, we learn that Jesus is directing this parable to those who trust in themselves for righteousness and despise others. (V. 9) His story begins with two men going up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. (V. 10) Pharisees were the religious leaders who had added man-made traditions and rituals to God’s law. One example is found in Mark 7, where the Pharisees rebuke Jesus’ disciples, (who were Jews), for not washing their hands before eating. Now, we consider such an activity to be sanitary, but then, it was merely an addition to the ceremonial laws and not something which God had commanded. Jesus and the Pharisees often but heads because of the ways in which they had corrupted the law by adding their own traditions, plus, they did not believe Jesus to be the Son of God. Tax collectors were indeed despised in Jesus’ time. The tax collectors were often Jews appointed by Roman officials to collect taxes from the people. However, the tax collectors often took much more than was needed to support themselves, thus they were despised, even by their own people. Later in Luke, we find the account of Zackaeus, the chief tax collector in his region, who sought after Jesus. When he had met with Jesus, he vowed to give half of his goods to the poor and to restore fourfold what he had wrongfully taken from the people. (Luke 19: 1-10) Matthew, who was also a tax collector, left everything to follow Jesus. (Matthew 9:9) When asked by the tax collectors how they might bear fruit in keeping with repentance, John the Baptist told them to be content with their wages and to take only what was appointed for them. (luke 3: 12-13) The story continues with the prayer of the Pharisee in which he thanks God that he is not like other men, and he lists extortionors, adulterers, and even the tax collector with whom he is praying in the temple. (V. 11) He then goes on in an attempt to justify himself before God by giving Him a “good works resume”, as it were, including his fasting ritual twice a week and his tithing practices. (V. 12) However, the tax collector knows he is sinful, and he displays a repentant heart as he pleads for God to be merciful to him, a sinner. (V. 13) Jesus, once again, turns their thinking on its head when He tells them that the tax collector, (a despised and hated figure by all in the land), went home justified before God while the Pharisee, (a respected religious leader who seemed to do all the right things), did not go home justified before God because of his self-righteousness and his condemning attitude toward others, such as the tax collector. (V. 14)
We are not justified by the good we think we do on our own. Our good works are as filthy rags, (the word used here refers to a woman’s dirtied menstral cloths), to Him. (Isaiah 64:6) Scripture says that there is no one who is righteous, none who do good, and none who seek God. (Romans 3: 10-12) Scripture tells us that all have sinned and fall short of God’s glory. (Romans 3:23) Let us examine ourselves in the light of the Ten Commandments given in Exodus 20. We need only examine a few.
Have you ever taken God’s Name in vain? (V. 7)
Have you ever stolen something? (V. 15)
Have you ever told a lie, even just a “little white lie”? (V. 16)
One who lies is a liar. One who steals is a thief. One who uses the Lord’s Name in vain, (as a curse word), is a blasphemer. Even if we have broken one of these commandments, we are guilty of breaking the whole law. (James 2:10)
Furthermore, Jesus took it to the heart. He said that if one is angry with his brother without a cause, he is in danger of the judgment. (Matthew 5:22) He also said that anyone who lusts after a woman has committed adultery with her in his heart. (Matthew 5:28) The same would be true of a woman lusting after a man.
If we examine ourselves in the light of Scripture, no one is guiltless. In Romans 3, we are told that there is no one good and that all have sinned, and it’s easy to see if we are honest. Since God is just, our sins will be paid for. That is the good news of the gospel, that God sent His one and only Son to take the penalty for our sins by dying on the cross because He so loved us. (John 3:16) If we put our faith in Christ, we are saved from God’s wrath and a lifestyle of bondage to sin by God’s grace- which means unmerited favor. All we need do is repent, (turn from our sinful ways), confess Jesus as the Lord of our life, and believe in our heart that God raised Him from the dead. If we are truly saved, our lives will bear different kinds of fruit, the fruit of the Spirit. (Galatians 5: 22-23) Our faith will be demonstrated by our works. Works are not a part of salvation, but they serve to demonstrate what we claim to believe. We are not saved by good works, but we are saved by God’s grace. To preach any other gospel is to make null and void the sacrifice of Jesus on the cross. If it were possible for us to be saved simply by following a code of ethics or even the Old Testament Mosaic Law, then there would have been no need for Jesus to come and die on the cross. Jesus, the guiltless and innocent one, came from heaven to earth as a baby and grew up as anyone else, and He lived to die- to take the guilt and sin of you and I upon Himself on a criminal’s cross that, if we believe, we would be saved from hell and God’s wrath, be made pure, and will live with God forever in His eternal Kingdom.
Sharing a full gospel presentation was not originally what I had intended with this post, but it seemed appropriate to not only share it, but to set the groundwork for the rest of the post, which I will make brief. There are two things that speak to me through the above passage concerning the Pharisee and the tax collector. First, we are not to measure our standard of righteousness, or our perceived righteousness, by anything other than God’s Word. I believe it was D. L. Moody who said something about God’s Word being the straight stick against which he measured everything. We must not compare ourselves to others, even other Christians, for those who know Christ, to attempt to justify ourselves or to make ourselves feel more Godly or superior to others, as the Pharisee did. He thanked God that he was not like the others whom he deemed as sinners who were less worthy of God’s favor. Second, we are justified only by God, so no matter what we have done, if we come before God truly repentant as the tax collector did, then we will be forgiven and saved. God is the judge, and He shows mercy and compassion to whomever He wills. It may not seem fair that the tax collector, (whom we are tempted to see as more sinful than the Pharisee), to be justified and the Pharisee, (who apparently worked very hard to follow God), to not be justified. It may not seem fair that those whom we may see as more sinful today sometimes seem to win out over those we see as “the good guys”. The fact is, it was not fair for Jesus, the perfect sinless Son of God, to take the sins of the whole world upon Himself and to die in an awful grueling death that words cannot even begin to describe to save sinners such as you and I who, may not have murdered or committed adultery, but we have all sinned. It doesn’t matter what that sin is. If you believe on Christ, you stand before God righteous through Christ. His righteousness is given to you and your old life is crucified, and that is the only way any of us can stand in confidence before the throne of God. We are justified by faith, and we are saved by grace, God’s truly amazing grace.